![]() CONTINUOUS-ALTERNATIVE ELECTRIC POWER CONVERTING DEVICE FOR VARIABLE SPEED MOTOR AND HIGH SPEED MOTO
专利摘要:
A DC power conversion device (4) having input terminals (5) for electrically connecting to a DC power supply (2), output terminals (6) for electrical connection connected to an electric motor (3), an electric switching converter (8) coupled to said input terminals (5) and an electric inverter (9) coupled between the decoupling electrical converter (5) and said output terminals (6). ). The conversion device comprises a control unit (17) of the electric inverter (9) configured to operate in pre-calculated pulse width modulation with switching times of the controlled switches (16) of the electric inverter ( 9) pre-calculated regardless of the frequency of rotation of the motor (3) and the voltage (Vdc) of the electrical network (2) to be connected to said device (4). 公开号:FR3050083A1 申请号:FR1653217 申请日:2016-04-12 公开日:2017-10-13 发明作者:Guillaume Boulet;Wenceslas Bourse;Pascal Rollin;Jeremy Cuenot;Regis Bernard Albert Meuret 申请人:Labinal Power Systems SAS; IPC主号:
专利说明:
On désire supprimer a5 et a7 , cela donne deux équations non linéaires à résoudre pour trouver les angles al et a2. Si on compare le contenu spectrale de la tension simple machine de départ, illustrée sur la figure 3, et de l'onde modifiée, illustrée sur la figure 4, on obtient les deux graphiques des figures 5 et 6. Sur ces graphiques sont représentées les amplitudes des harmoniques en pourcentage de l'harmonique fondamentale. Comme cela apparaît à la lecture des figures 5 et 6, et notamment dans les parties entourées, les harmoniques 5 et 7 sont supprimées du spectre de ia tension simple machine, cependant les harmoniques d'ordre supérieures sont augmentées. La valeur du fondamental passe de Ce point n'est pas contraignant dans le cas de la PAM car l'amplitude du fondamental est ajustée avec le convertisseur DC/DC et au-delà d'une certaine vitesse, il est possible d'enlever ces commutations supplémentaires pour profiter de la pleine tension de bus. Dans le cas d'une commande 120°, le principe reste le même et la démarche présentée ici reste applicable. L'invention permet ainsi de fournir un dispositif de conversion de puissance électrique DC/AC dont la fréquence de découpage du convertisseur est découplée de la fréquence électrique du moteur auquei ie dispositif est électriquement raccordé et permettant d'éiiminer une part importante des harmoniques perturbants ie fonctionnement d'une machine électrique couplée en sortie du dispositif. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a device for converting continuous AC power (DC / AC) optimized for variable speed or very high speed motors for use in aeronautical compressor type applications but also for aeronautical ventilation type applications. The use of very high speed motors, such as engines operating at more than 100,000 revolutions per minute, allows a significant reduction in the size and mass of the engine which facilitates its integration into the equipment. However, the use of this type of engine imposes significant constraints on the electronic converter DC / AC controlling the engine, constraints that conventional control structures can only difficult to meet in an aviation environment. Traditionally, a sinusoidally controlled pulse width modulated inverter (DC / AC converter) is used to control the current in a variable speed motor. This command requires a switching frequency much higher than the electric frequency of the motor, such as for example a switching frequency corresponding to 10 to 25 times the electric frequency of the motor. The electrical frequency is the product of the mechanical frequency of the motor by the number of pairs of poles of the motor. Driving high-speed machines with sinusoidal control then requires the use of a power converter, or inverter, with a very high switching frequency, which generates a large number of technical challenges to be faced, in particular: - a very sharp increase in losses in the power semiconductors, - a more suitable traditional cooling means, which implies an additional difficulty of integration of the DC / AC converter, and - a necessary technological break with the current technology, since a large gap semiconductor component is required and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are unsuitable. An alternative to sinusoidal control is to control the inverter with a command called "120 °", which allows to divide by six the number of switches on each switch while keeping the same switching frequency. This is due to the fact that only one switch cuts during 1 / 6® of the electrical period. This control improves switching losses in the power components but degrades the quality of the current supplied to the motor, in particular by the presence of strong harmonics, and generates other constraints such as: - a higher motor torque pulse, a risk of excitation of the eigen modes (tree line ...), - a degradation of the power factor and the appearance of harmonic at the entry of the equipment, and - a risk of increase of the volume of the filters and of strengthening mechanical parts on the shaft line In addition, even with a command of type "120 °", the choice of the switching frequency always remains linked to the electric frequency of the motor. It is known from the state of the art of the power conversion circuits comprising an inverter coupled downstream of a DC / DC converter with synchronous rectification, also called in English PAM for "Pulse Amplitude Modulation", which can be of the type of buck step, or "buck", or "buck-boost" (or "buck-boost" in English). Such power conversion circuits allow a wave operation of the inverter which has the advantage of reducing the losses in the conversion circuit, and in particular in the inverter. The circuit makes it possible to dissociate the voltage step-down function from the stator frequency generator function proportional to the mechanical frequency of the motor. The role of the DC / DC converter is to impose a mean voltage output of the conversion device, and thus, when the device is connected to a motor, to impose an average voltage across the motor to set its speed. Adjusting the output voltage of the DC / DC switch-mode converter thus makes it possible to control the speed of the motor. The inverter, a DC / AC converter, is used to switch currents in the motor phases to the motor's electrical frequency. It does not change the average amplitude of the motor voltage. Thus, when the conversion device is connected to an electric motor, the device makes it possible to have a switching frequency of the DC / DC converter independent of the electric frequency of the motor to which the conversion device is coupled. The inverter works with an input voltage controlled by the DC / DC converter and no longer directly suffers voltage variations in the electrical network. This makes it possible to optimize the choice of the power components of the inverter, the losses in the power semiconductors. However, such conversion circuits generate additional harmonics in the motor and thus the torque pulse. This generation of additional harmonics is likely to excite eigen modes and generate additional mechanical stresses. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a device for converting DC / AC electrical power whose switching frequency of the converter is decoupled from the electrical frequency of the motor to which the device is intended to be electrically connected and making it possible to eliminating a large part of the disturbing harmonics the operation of an electrical machine coupled to the output of the device. In a first subject of the invention, there is provided a DC-AC power conversion device comprising input terminals intended to be electrically connected to a DC power supply network, output terminals intended to be electrically connected to an electric motor, a switching electric converter coupled to said input terminals and an electric inverter coupled between the decoupling electrical converter and said output terminals. According to a general characteristic of the invention, the power conversion device further comprises an inverter control unit configured to operate in pre-calculated pulse width modulation with switching times of the controlled switches of the inverter. pre-calculated fixed electric inverter whatever the frequency of rotation of the motor and the voltage of the electrical network intended to be connected to said device. The power conversion device thus offers a compromise between a command in pulse amplitude modulation, or "Pulse Amplitude Modulation" in English, which reduces the number of commutations but increases the intensity of the harmonics of currents, and a command sinusoidal type which reduces the intensity of current harmonics but has a very large number of commutations. In fact, because the inverter works with an input voltage controlled by the DC / DC converter and no longer directly undergoes voltage variations of the electrical network, it is possible to control it in pulse width modulation. -calculated and fixed to eliminate certain harmonics of current in the phases of the engine. The operation of the inverter (DC / AC) in pre-calculated pulse width modulation induces control of switching times from pre-calculated fixed times so as to eliminate certain harmonics in the current supplied to the motor. For example, by adding 2 additional switches per switch and over an electrical period at a pre-calculated time, it is possible to remove the harmonics 3, 5 and 7 which would appear with a conventional "120 °" type control. This principle greatly simplifies the design of the voltage converter in the case of synchronous machines with high speed, that is to say, whose speeds are greater than 30000 rpm or electrical frequency greater than 1 kHz. This pre-calculated control technique imposes fixed control angles regardless of the rotation frequency of the motor and the voltage of the electrical network to be connected to said device. The choice of the harmonic to be rejected makes it possible to optimize the gain of the input filtering of the power conversion device, to gain in terms of motor efficiency, to reduce the generated torque ripple, and to eliminate critical frequencies. on the mechanical parts of the motor coupled to the output of the power conversion device such as the rotor and the bearings. In addition, the implementation of the so-called pre-calculated command is easier to implement than a sine command on a single inverter because the hardware resources required are less. Indeed, in the case of a sinus type control, the necessary hardware resources must usually ensure the transformations of Park and Concordia or Clark, as well as the need to have two current sensors, and a continuous information of the position rotor. On the other hand, in the case of a pre-calculated control, only one current sensor is needed, a simple calculation unit for calculating the switching moments and a discretized information (eg all electrical 60 °). Compared to a sinusoidal control, the power conversion device according to the invention has the following advantages: the speed of rotation of the motor is less restrictive for the power electronic part, which offers the possibility of connecting motors having a greater number of electric power pairs; the electric motor is subjected to a less chopped voltage, which reduces the losses in the motor and the common-mode current drained by the stator capacitances as well as the risk of partial discharge; The control is simpie because it does not require any real time because it is preciculated in the design of the power conversion device and stored in the control unit. With respect to a command of the "120 °" type, the power conversion device according to the invention has the following advantages: the suppression of the main harmonics of current in the motor (3, 5, 7 ...); a gain on the filtering of the input current; - a reduction of the risks of mechanical resonance; a reduction of losses thanks to the lowering of the number of commutations if one is satisfied to eliminate the harmonics 3, 5 and 7. The power conversion device according to the invention also has the following advantages both with respect to a control of the "120 °" type and with respect to a sinusoidal control: the power switches of the switching power converter and the Inverter can be optimized separately which allows to have a better compromise between speed, loss, resistance in tension and robustness; - the absence of cutting at the level of the inverter facilitates the implementation of a control without rotor position sensor. According to one aspect of the power conversion device, the switching electric converter comprises a topology of the type of voltage-reducing (or "buck" in English). In a first variant, the switching power converter has a voltage boost type topology (or "boost" in English). In a second variant, the switching power converter comprises a topology of step-down type (or "buck-boost" in English). The topology of the converter is chosen according to the level of the power supply network to which the device is intended to be connected and according to the speed necessary for the operation of the electric motor to which the device is intended to be connected. In a second subject of the invention, there is provided a motorization system comprising a continuous power supply network, an electric motor, and a DC-AC electrical power conversion device electrically connected between the power supply network and the electric motor. According to one aspect of the motorization system, the electric motor may be a fuel cell compressor. Brief description of the drawings. The invention will be better understood on reading the following, by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a motorization system comprising a power conversion device according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 shows an example of a voltage waveform supplied by the conversion device of FIG. 1 to the motor to which it is coupled; FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively represent a simple voltage signal of the inverter as part of a conventional 180 ° control, and an example of a simple voltage signal of the inverter as part of a control at 180 ° according to the invention; FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively represent the spectral content of the simple voltage of FIG. 3, and the spectral content of the modified wave of FIG. Detailed description of embodiments In Figure 1 is shown schematically a motorization system comprising a power conversion device according to one embodiment of the invention. The drive system 1 comprises a continuous power supply network 2, such as an on-board power supply network on board an aircraft for example, a rotary electrical machine 3 corresponding here by a three-phase high-speed electric motor, and an electrical device 4 for DC-AC power conversion. The conversion device 4 comprises two input terminals 5a and 5b electrically connected to the two connection terminals 2a and 2b of the DC supply network 2, and three output terminals 6 electrically coupled to the three coupling terminals of the electric motor 3. The device 4 further comprises a filter stage Ί, a switching voltage step-down stage 8, and an inverter stage 9. The voltage step-down stage 8 is input-coupled to the input terminals 5 of the conversion device 4 via the filtering stage 7 is thus coupled between the input terminals 5a and 5b and the voltage step-down stage 8. The inverter stage 9 is, on the one hand, coupled to the output output terminals 6 of the conversion device and, on the other hand, input to the output of the voltage step-down stage 8. The voltage step-down stage 8 is thus electrically coupled between the filter stage 7 at its input and the inverter stage 9 at its output. The filtering stage 7 comprises an assembly called "LC" comprising a filtering coil 10 and a filtering capacitor 11. The filtering coil 10 is coupled between a first input terminal 71 and a first output terminal 73 of the filtering stage 7, the first input terminal 71 of the filtering stage 7 being coupled to the first terminal connection 2a of the power supply network via the first connection terminal 5a, and the first output terminal 73 of the filter stage 7 being coupled to a first input terminal 81 of the voltage step-down stage 8. filtering capacitor 11 is coupled between the first output terminal 73 of the output stage 7 and the second input and output terminals 72 and 74 of the output stage 7 which are coupled together to the second connection terminal 2b of the continuous supply network 2 via an input terminal 5b of the conversion device 4 and to a second input terminal 82 of the voltage step-down stage 8. The voltage step-down stage 8 comprises a controlled switch 12 which can be of MOSFET technology, IGBT Or Bipolar, a transistor 13 which may be a diode as shown in the example illustrated in Figure 1, an inductor 14 and a bus 15 having a capacitance C. The bus 15 is coupled between a first and a second output terminals 83 and 84 of the voltage step-down stage 8, the second output terminal 84 being coupled to ground, i.e. at the second terminal of connection 2b of the DC supply network 2, and therefore to the second input terminal 82. The controlled switch 12 and the inductor 14 are coupled in series between the first input terminal 81 and the first output terminal 83 of the voltage step-down stage 8, the controlled switch being directly connected to the first input terminal 81 and the inductance being directly connected to the first output terminal 83. A first terminal of the diode 13 is connected to the connection node 85 coupling the controlled switch 12 to the inductor 14, and a second terminal of the diode 13 is connected to the second input 82 and the second output 84 of the voltage step stage 8. The inverter stage 9 comprises three branches 15 each connected between a first input terminal 91 of the inverter stage 9 connected to the first output terminal 83 of the voltage step-down stage 8 and a second input terminal 92 coupled to the second output terminal 84 of the voltage step-down stage 8 and thus to ground. Each branch 15 comprises two controlled switches 16 connected in series and an output terminal 9a, 9b or 9c of the inverter stage 9 connected to one of the output terminals 6 of the conversion device 4. The output terminal 9a, 9b or 9c of the inverter stage 9 of each branch 15 corresponds to the connection node of the two controlled switches 16 of the branch. The conversion device 4 further comprises a control unit 17 coupled to the inverter stage 9 to control it. The control unit 17 has a memory and is configured to operate in pre-calculated pulse width modulation with pre-calculated fixed switching times and stored in the memory regardless of the rotation frequency of the motor 3 and the mains voltage 2 connected to the conversion device 4. As illustrated in FIG. 2 which presents an exemplary waveform of the voltage supplied by the conversion device 4 of FIG. 1 to the motor 3 to which it is coupled, the conversion device 4 thus makes it possible to output a voltage signal Vdcjink whose amplitude has been lowered relative to the amplitude of the voltage Vdc delivered by the power supply network 2 thanks to the voltage step-down stage 8, and whose shape is modulated in dimpulslon width by the inverter stage 9. The reference t represents the time on the graph. FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively a simple voltage signal of the inverter in the context of a conventional 180 ° control, and an example of a simple voltage signal of the inverter in the context of a 180 ° control according to the invention, that is to say with the addition of commutations. Starting from the waveform of the single inverter voltage, switches are added in order to eliminate certain disturbing harmonics, such as harmonics 5, 7, 11, 13, etc. The instant of these additional commutations, a1 and a2, that is to say the angle at which these additional commutations occur, will make it possible to eliminate certain components of the spectrum of the voltage. The number of switches added depends on the number of harmonics to minimize or delete. In the case illustrated in Figure 4, it seeks to remove the harmonics 5 and 7. It then takes at least two additional switching angles, al and a2 with al <a2, to achieve this deletion. If in the following calculations, two switching angles are not sufficient, we must add more, for example four, and see if that is enough. The goal is to minimize the number of commutations. The following calculation will consist in determining the values of the angles al and a2 to remove the harmonics 5 and 7. The Fourier series decomposition of the voltage signal illustrated in FIG. 4 gives: We want to delete a5 and a7, this gives two nonlinear equations to solve to find the angles al and a2. If we compare the spectral content of the simple starting machine voltage, illustrated in FIG. 3, and the modified wave, illustrated in FIG. 4, we obtain the two graphs of FIGS. 5 and 6. On these graphs are represented the amplitudes of harmonics as a percentage of the fundamental harmonic. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and particularly in the surrounding parts, the harmonics 5 and 7 are removed from the spectrum of the single machine voltage, however the higher order harmonics are increased. The value of the fundamental goes from This point is not binding in the case of the PAM because the amplitude of the fundamental is adjusted with the converter DC / DC and beyond a certain speed, it is possible to remove these additional commutations to take advantage of the full bus voltage. In the case of a 120 ° order, the principle remains the same and the approach presented here remains applicable. The invention thus makes it possible to provide an electric power conversion device DC / AC whose switching frequency of the converter is decoupled from the electrical frequency of the motor to which the device is electrically connected and making it possible to eliminate a large part of the disturbing harmonics ie operation of an electrical machine coupled to the output of the device.
权利要求:
Claims (7) [1" id="c-fr-0001] REVENDICAπQNS 1. Device (4) for converting DC electrical power comprising input terminals (5) intended to be electrically connected to a DC power supply network (2), output terminals (6) intended to be electrically connected to an electric motor (3), a switching power converter (8) coupled to said input terminals (5) and an electric inverter (9) coupled between the switching power converter (8) and said output terminals ( 6), characterized in that it comprises a control unit (17) of the electric inverter (9) configured to operate in pre-calculated pulse width modulation with switching times of the controlled switches (16) of the the fixed electric inverter (9) precalculated regardless of the frequency of rotation of the motor (3) and the voltage (Vdc) of the electrical network (2) intended to be connected to said device (4). [2" id="c-fr-0002] 2. Device (4) according to claim 1, wherein the switching power converter (8) comprises a step-down type of topology. [3" id="c-fr-0003] 3. Device (4) according to claim 1, wherein the switching power converter comprises a voltage-boosting type topology. [4" id="c-fr-0004] 4. Device (4) according to claim 1, wherein the switching power converter comprises a voltage step-down type topology. [5" id="c-fr-0005] 5. Motorization system (1) comprising a continuous power supply network (2) and an electric motor (3), characterized in that it further comprises a device (4) for converting DC to AC power according to one of claims 1 to 4 electrically connected between the power supply network (2) and the electric motor (3). [6" id="c-fr-0006] 6. Motorization system (1) according to claim 5, wherein the electric motor (3) is a fuel cell compressor. [7" id="c-fr-0007] 7. Motorization system (1) according to claim 5, wherein the electric motor (3) is a fan motor.
类似技术:
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 EP3443650A1|2019-02-20| WO2017178752A1|2017-10-19| CN109075695B|2021-02-23| US20190165694A1|2019-05-30| CN109075695A|2018-12-21| FR3050083B1|2020-02-21| US10658948B2|2020-05-19|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 EP1887680A2|2006-08-11|2008-02-13|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba|Control apparatus for semiconductor power converter| US20100157632A1|2008-12-20|2010-06-24|Azuray Technologies, Inc.|Energy Conversion Systems With Power Control| WO2015060000A1|2013-10-25|2015-04-30|株式会社東芝|Power conversion device for electric locomotive| US20160285380A1|2013-10-25|2016-09-29|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba|Power converter for electric locomotive| AU2003903787A0|2003-07-22|2003-08-07|Sergio Adolfo Maiocchi|A system for operating a dc motor| EP2025051B1|2006-06-06|2014-12-31|Ideal Power Inc.|Universal power converter|FR3086474B1|2018-09-26|2020-12-04|Safran Electrical & Power|STARTING PROCEDURE FOR A SYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS| IT201900015857A1|2019-09-09|2021-03-09|Torino Politecnico|Power supply and control device and method of a Brushless DC motor| IT201900015860A1|2019-09-09|2021-03-09|Torino Politecnico|Aircraft equipped with at least one Brushless DC motor|
法律状态:
2017-04-07| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 | 2017-10-13| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20171013 | 2018-03-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 | 2018-08-17| CA| Change of address|Effective date: 20180717 | 2018-08-17| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SAFRAN ELECTRICAL & POWER, FR Effective date: 20180717 | 2019-03-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 | 2020-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 | 2021-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 FR1653217|2016-04-12| FR1653217A|FR3050083B1|2016-04-12|2016-04-12|CONTINUOUS-ALTERNATIVE ELECTRICAL POWER CONVERSION DEVICE FOR VARIABLE SPEED MOTOR AND HIGH SPEED MOTOR|FR1653217A| FR3050083B1|2016-04-12|2016-04-12|CONTINUOUS-ALTERNATIVE ELECTRICAL POWER CONVERSION DEVICE FOR VARIABLE SPEED MOTOR AND HIGH SPEED MOTOR| PCT/FR2017/050871| WO2017178752A1|2016-04-12|2017-04-11|Dc-to-ac electrical power conversion device for a variable-speed motor and a high-speed motor| US16/093,080| US10658948B2|2016-04-12|2017-04-11|DC/AC electrical power converter device for a variable-speed motor and a high-speed motor| CN201780023363.9A| CN109075695B|2016-04-12|2017-04-11|DC-to-AC power conversion apparatus for variable speed and high speed motors| EP17722094.4A| EP3443650A1|2016-04-12|2017-04-11|Dc-to-ac electrical power conversion device for a variable-speed motor and a high-speed motor| 相关专利
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